If you have heard or been exposed to bluegrass music, you most likely responded viscerally in one way or another. It is a toe-tapping, hand-clapping, body-moving, head-nodding brand of exciting, American music. It is almost impossible not to get physically involved with this art form. “Bluegrass music has a way of creeping into your soul and staying there,” said Jason Borisoff in an article entitled The Lonesome Language.
Origins
Although, bluegrass music has elements of English, Scottish, Welsh, Irish, and German influence, its roots were inspired by immigrants living in rural towns and villages in the Appalachian Mountains. The music was further enhanced by African Americans.
Early on, bluegrass music was used to accompany the rural area dances known as clogging, flat footing or buck dancing. This genre of music wasn’t called bluegrass when it first evolved. It was simply called “old time mountain hillbilly music.” In the early part of the 20th century, this form of music slowly made its way into larger areas (cities). It no longer was just an accompaniment for dances, but was listened to for its own intrinsic value by a growing number of fans.
Music historians cannot pinpoint a date when this musical form was first called bluegrass but they agree it was in the early 1950’s. It was named after the father of the genre, Bill Monroe. Monroe was from Kentucky (the bluegrass state). He formed a band in 1939 and named it “Bill Monroe and The Bluegrass Boys.” Monroe and his band established the instrumentation and sound that is the model for today’s bluegrass bands.
Instrumentation
During the early years of bluegrass music, many combinations of acoustic instruments were tried by various groups, among them, “The Bluegrass Boys.” It was the latter group that finally settled on the instruments that are still used today. They are: the violin (fiddle), five string banjo, guitar, mandolin and string bass. Vocals, both solo and group, are also an important part of blue grass music.
The fiddle is the lead voice and will sometimes play in 3rds and 5ths, filling in between the vocals. The guitar doubles the notes of the bass and strumming gives the music its basic rhythm often described as “boom-chick.” The banjo is played with three fingers picking style. It also plays continuous eighth note rolls. The mandolin plays chords with a fast tremolo and also fills in between vocal lines. The string bass is the foundation of the chordal structure of the music. It plays the basic rhythm and harmony. The bassist plays pizzicato the majority of the time. It alternates between the tonic (first note of the scale or Do) and dominant (fifth note of the scale or So).
The learning and playing of bluegrass is summed up by Pete Wernick, aka, “Dr. Banjo.” He states, “Bluegrass is a team sport, and if you just learn to play a lead by learning a rote arrangement at home, that’s really not learning the language of bluegrass anymore than learning a Chinese poem phonetically is learning Chinese,” says Wernick. “You need to be fluent, and be able to change gears, like switching between lead and backup. Those skills are really critical for playing bluegrass music.”
You can experience authentic bluegrass music in many movies including: O Brother, Where Art Thou, That High Lonesome Sound, Bill Monroe, The Father of Bluegrass (documentary), Deliverance, Bonnie and Clyde, and Bluegrass Journey (documentary).
Believe it or not, you can actually get a Bachelor of Arts Degree in Bluegrass and Old Time Music studies. The program includes courses in bluegrass and country music-both academic and performance oriented. This major course of study is at East Tennessee State University in Johnson City, Tennessee. To my knowledge it is the only four-year university offering such a degree.
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Visit our website at www.danvilleband.org for up-to-date information about the Danville Community Band.
